From 17b8575431aa5e05a28af281ae0f8c361277b8be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aisha Ferro Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 20:25:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add Fully Integrated Wearable Impedance Cytometry Platform on Flexible Circuit Board With Online Smartphone Readout --- ...xible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md diff --git a/Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md b/Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f30cdef --- /dev/null +++ b/Fully-Integrated-Wearable-Impedance-Cytometry-Platform-on-Flexible-Circuit-Board-With-Online-Smartphone-Readout.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
The system diagram is displayed in Fig. 1. We use our customized-constructed analog architecture23, designed to detect highly sensitive impedance adjustments in a microfluidic channel with low-end hardware. Custom-constructed analog architecture for impedance cytometry with off-the shelf hardware23. System block diagram of cytometer-readout architecture. To carry out traditional LIA, [at-home blood monitoring](https://ashwoodvalleywiki.com/index.php?title=Blood_Glucose_Monitoring_During_Aerobic_And_Anaerobic_Physical_Exercise_Using_A_New_Artificial_Pancreas_System) a voltage at a excessive reference frequency is modulated with the microfluidic channel impedance, generating a present sign. The biosensor used on this work relies on an electric field generated between two electrodes within a microfluidic channel, with the baseline impedance representing phosphate buffered resolution (PBS), and variable impedance ensuing from particle circulation by way of the electric subject. A trans-impedance amplifier then amplifies the input present signal and outputs a voltage sign, which is then mixed with the original reference voltage. Finally, a low-move filter isolates the low-frequency element of the product, which is a low-noise sign proportional to the channel impedance amplitude on the reference frequency22.
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As our channel impedance additionally varies with time, we designed the low-move filter cutoff frequency to be bigger than the inverse of the transit time of the microfluidic particle, [BloodVitals monitor](https://www.guerzhoy.a2hosted.com/index.php/User:WTRDomingo) or the time it takes for the particle to transverse the sector between electrodes. After performing traditional LIA on our biosensor, there stays a DC offset throughout the filtered signal which is in addition to our time-varying signal of curiosity. The DC offset limits the gain that can be utilized to the signal before clipping happens, and in23, we describe the novel use of a DC-blocking stage to subtract the offset and [wireless blood oxygen check](https://wikigranny.com/wiki/index.php/Blood_Glucose_Meter:_How_To_Decide_On) apply a submit-subtraction high-gain amplification stage. The result is a extremely delicate architecture, which may be applied with a small footprint and off-the-shelf components. For an in-depth analysis on the structure, together with the noise evaluation and [BloodVitals SPO2 device](https://wikime.co/Blood_Oxygen_Saturation_Monitor_-_Gamechanger_For_Both_Patients_Doctors) simulation, we [wireless blood oxygen check](http://asianmate.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=945612) with the unique work23. An important note is that the DC-blocking stage causes the optimistic voltage peak to be followed by a unfavourable voltage peak with the same integrated vitality, giving the novel structure a uniquely formed peak signature.
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Because the analog signal has been amplified over a number of orders of magnitude, a low-end ADC in a microcontroller chip can sample the data. The microcontroller interfaces with a Bluetooth module paired with a custom developed smartphone application. The appliance is used to provoke data sampling, and for information processing, readout and analysis. We have now implemented the structure as a seamless and wearable microfluidic platform by designing a flexible circuit on a polyimide substrate within the type of a wristband (manufactured by FlexPCB, Santa Ana, CA, USA) as proven in Fig. 2. All parts, such as the batteries, microcontroller, Bluetooth module, and biochip are unified onto one board. The versatile circuit is a two-layer polyimide board with copper traces totaling an area of eight in². Surface-mount-packaged elements have been selected to compact the general footprint and reduce noise. Lightweight coin cell lithium ion polymer (LIPO) batteries and regulator chips (LT1763 and LT1964 from Linear Technology) have been used to provide ±5 V rails.
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A 1 MHz AC crystal oscillator (SG-210 from EPSON), D flip-flop (74LS74D from Texas Instruments) for frequency division, and passive LC tank was used to generate the 500-kHz sine wave 2 Volt Peak-to-Peak (Vp-p) signal, which is excited by means of the biosensor. The glass wafer acting because the substrate for the biosensor was lower around the PDMS slab with a diamond scribe to minimize the dimensions and was hooked up to the board through micro-hook-tape and [wireless blood oxygen check](http://hellorent.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=23231) micro-loop-tape strips. The electrodes of the sensor interfaced with the board by way of leaping wires which were first soldered to the circuit’s terminals after which bonded to the sensor’s terminals with conductive epoxy. Removal of the PDMS sensor includes de-soldering the leaping wires from the circuit board, separation of the micro-hook strip adhered to PDMS sensor [wireless blood oxygen check](http://2024jg.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=26706) from the underlying micro-loop strip adhered to the board, and vice versa for [wireless blood oxygen check](https://www.wiki.klausbunny.tv/index.php?title=User:KiraTrapp75578) the addition of another sensor. A DC-blocking capacitor was added prior to the biosensor [painless SPO2 testing](https://docs.brdocsdigitais.com/index.php/User:Santiago4606) to forestall low-frequency power surges from damaging the biosensor whereas the circuit was being switched on or off.
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The trans-impedance stage following the biosensor was carried out with a low-noise operational amplifier (TL071CP from Texas Instruments) and a potentiometer in the suggestions path for adjustable gain from 0.04 to 0.44. Mixing was achieved with a multiplier (AD835 from Analog Devices). To isolate the part of curiosity from the product of the mixing stage, a third order Butterworth low-move filter with a 100 Hz cutoff frequency and 60 dB roll off per decade was designed with another TL071CP op-amp23. A DC-blocking capacitor was used for the DC-blocking stage. The final stage of the analog design, the excessive acquire stage, [BloodVitals SPO2](https://clashofcryptos.trade/wiki/User:AnthonyBlundell) was achieved with two more TL071CP amplifiers. An ATtiny eighty five 8-bit microcontroller from Atmel pushed by an external 16 MHz on-board crystal was used to sample information. The HM-10 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module was used for information transmission to the smartphone, with the module and the breakout circuit integrated on-board. The method used to microfabricate our PDMS microfluidic channel for impedance cytometry is a regular one and has been beforehand [wireless blood oxygen check](http://www.danyuanblog.com:3000/zeldacastles38/3091bloodvitals-test/wiki/Flash+Glucose+Monitoring+with+FreeStyle+Libre+in+Cats+And+Dogs) reported27.
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